Consideration should be given to moving away from the first-past-the-post system towards a more proportional system, say Bersih 2.0 and Global Bersih.
On 9 May 2018 Malaysia stunned the region and the world when a broad coalition of opposition parties won office, ushering in Malaysia’s first transfer of power since independence in 1957.
Malaysia’s experience shows us that politics cannot stand still in the face of changes brought by economic development, urbanisation and mass education.
That experience also shows that it is possible to overcome the politics of identity and offer voters a credible democratic alternative; it also demonstrates that high voter participation can level the electoral playing field to deliver democratic change.
Despite this democratic achievement, we must not rest on our laurels. There are still pressing areas in our electoral laws and regulations that require attention and change. The outcome of our electoral reforms must not merely be to have clean, free and fair elections, but also for Malaysia to become a robust multi-party democracy.
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On 30 November and 1 December 2018, Bersih 2.0 and Global Bersih with the support of the Speaker of the House of Representative of Malaysia, the Electoral Commission, the Kofi Annan Foundation, the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance and the International Foundation for Electoral Systems, held an Electoral Reform Roundtable at Parliament House, Kuala Lumpur.
Local and international experts presented papers and held discussions on nine areas on electoral reforms, and this report that we are launching today is the outcome.
The roundtable has been a key step in ushering in a new Malaysia that will be a real, vibrant, and sustainable multi-party democracy. There can no multi-party democracy without free, fair and clean competition among political parties.
Although we recognise the gigantic tasks that lie ahead of us in re-establishing multi-party democracy and mindful of the need to avoid becoming lost in the euphoria of change, we are determined to identify and overcome the challenges that must be overcome to make political competition work.
List of recommendations from the roundtable:
Consideration should be given to moving away from the first-past-the-post system towards a more proportional system that can promote national unity and centrism, allow for healthy competition among coalition partners and better represent Malaysia’s diverse population in Parliament.
So long as Malaysia retains the first-past-the-post system, it should address issues of over and under-representation both between the states of Malaya as well as within each atate. Constituencies should also be fairly and impartially drawn. Seats should be distributed among the states on the basis of electorate size, while strict numerical standards should be reinstated for variations between constituencies.
The electoral rolls should be audited and managed in an open, inclusive and transparent manner to build public trust. A new geocoded national address database should be used to audit the electoral rolls and the civil registration records of the National Registration Department.
Absentee voting should be extended to Malaysian voters living in neighbouring countries as well as those living further afield. While absentee voting facilities should be provided for some domestic voters — in particular, East Malaysian voters in West Malaysia and vice versa — in the long run, voters should be encouraged to vote where they actually reside. Military and police voters should also be given the option of voting in their home constituencies via absentee voting.
Because of the difficulties of auditing electronic and online voting systems and of securing public trust in such systems, careful investigations together with public consultations should be carried out before adopting any form of electronic and online voting in Malaysia.
While it should not be for government authorities to decide what is or is not “fake news”, the Electoral Commission and other authorities should play a role in monitoring political spending, electoral misconduct and hate speech online.
The regulation of political spending must be extended to political parties and third parties, both during and outside the campaign period, and to internal party elections. Political contributions, both in cash and in kind, should also be declared and subject to limits. Public funding should take the place of some forms of private funding, and parties should have equitable and unrestricted access to state media.
Rules and guidelines should be drawn up for managing transitions in government, codifying best practice and caretaker conventions. Consideration should also be given to a constitutional amendment submitting defecting members of Parliament to re-election.
Election offences laws should be updated to clarify the roles and powers of the various state agencies and to empower the Electoral Commission to monitor, investigate, and penalise breaches of election offences laws.
The selection of Electoral Commissioners should be subject to scrutiny by a cross-party parliamentary committee, and the Electoral Commission should have operational independence in staffing and budgeting, subject to scrutiny by a dedicated parliamentary select committee. The Electoral Commission should be given responsibility for the registration and regulation of political parties, while consideration may be given to transferring responsibility for the delimitation of constituencies to an independent boundaries commission.
This roundtable is the first platform to be held on strengthening multi-party democracy through electoral reforms. It must not and will not be the last. After the roundtable, we hope that the conversation on electoral reform will continue in cities, towns, and villages nationwide as well as in Parliament through a parliamentary select committee to deliberate on and facilitate the constitutional and legal amendments necessary for electoral reforms.
We hope that this report, which draws together the views that have been expressed and the consensuses that have been reached during the roundtable, will form the basis of these further conversations and deliberations.
- Coalition for Clean and Fair Elections (Bersih 2.0)
- Global Bersih
With the support of:
- Kofi Annan Foundation
- International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
- International Foundation for Electoral Systems
AGENDA RAKYAT - Lima perkara utama
- Tegakkan maruah serta kualiti kehidupan rakyat
- Galakkan pembangunan saksama, lestari serta tangani krisis alam sekitar
- Raikan kerencaman dan keterangkuman
- Selamatkan demokrasi dan angkatkan keluhuran undang-undang
- Lawan rasuah dan kronisme